Description

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SIMULATOR

Generator and grid supply

The PSS1 has a motor (prime mover) and generator set to simulate power generation. This set has characteristics similar to industrial turbine and generator sets for realistic experiments. The output of the generator passes through a generator transformer to a ‘generator bus’. Protection relays and circuit-breakers monitor and switch the generator field and output.

The PSS1 includes a fully monitored and protected grid supply transformer. This transformer simulates the larger grid transformers used in national grid supply systems. The grid transformer reduces the incoming mains supply to give the correct distribution voltage at the ‘grid bus’. It also allows students to correctly synchronise the generator output to the grid supply. For realistic tests, students can use the grid supply or the generator as a power source for their experiments.

Transmission lines

A set of reactances simulate transmission lines of different lengths to model the characteristics of overhead or underground power cables. Each line includes test points to monitor the conditions along the lines. The user can simulate faults at different places along the transmission lines and discover the effects. A dedicated distance protection relay protects the lines and can indicate how far along the line the fault has occurred.

Learning outcomes

• Power transmission, distribution and utilisation
• Load flow, circuit interruption and differential protection
• Symmetrical, unsymmetrical and unbalanced faults and loads
• Generator synchronisation and performance, including stability and voltage regulation and control
• Using protection relays for overcurrent, distance protection, phase and earth faults
• Using protection relays for differential protection, under and overvoltage and frequency protection
• Transformer tappings and impedances
• Using relays for protection of a busbar, transformers and generators